Bitumen modifiers are Materials which are admixtured with bitumen or added during hot-mix preparation to improve the performance of modified bitumen and the corresponding asphaltic concrete. polymers are the most important bitumen modifiers. Crumb rubber powder has been extensively used in bitumen modification. Some advantages of the addition of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) into bitumen are: decreases in traffic noises and the volume of environmentally polluting Materials. This paper reports on the net effect of different polymers, CRM and H.V.S. oil on bitumen properties. Incorporation of polyethylene along with CRM improve elasticity and deformation recovery of bitumen at high temperatures and reduces its brittleness at low temperatures. This results in improvements in bitumen's performance grade. H.V.S. Oil acts as a compatibilizer in PE-bitumen system and lowers Frass breaking point.

Introduction: BioMaterials currently utilized for the regeneration of myocardial tissue seem to associate with certain restrictions, including deficiency of electrical conductivity and sufficient mechanical strength. These two factors play an important role in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. The contractile property of cardiomyocytes depends on directed signal transmission over the electroconductive systems that happen inside the innate myocardium. Because of their distinctive electrical behavior, electroactive Materials such as graphene might be used for the regeneration of cardiac tissue. Methods: In this review, we aim to provide deep insight into the applications of graphene and graphene derivative-based hybrid Polymeric scaffolds in cardiomyogenic differentiation and cardiac tissue regeneration. Results: Synthetic biodegradable polymers are considered as a platform because their degradation can be controlled over time and easily functionalized. Therefore, graphene-Polymeric hybrid scaffolds with anisotropic electrical behavior can be utilized to produce organizational and efficient constructs for macroscopic cardiac tissue engineering. In cardiac tissue regeneration, natural polymer based-scaffolds such as chitosan, gelatin, and cellulose can provide a permissive setting significantly supporting the differentiation and growth of the human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes, in large part due to their negligible immunogenicity and suitable biodegradability. Conclusion: Cardiac tissue regeneration characteristically utilizes an extracellular matrix (scaffold), cells, and growth factors that enhance cell adhesion, growth, and cardiogenic differentiation. From the various evaluated electroactive Polymeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration in the past decade, graphene and its derivatives-based Materials can be utilized efficiently for cardiac tissue engineering.